The suckermouth armored catfish genus Chaetostoma is mostly distributed in Andean piedmont habitats from Panama to southern Peru. There are 50 species belonging Chaetostoma, which two of them inhabit the Guiana Shield (C. jegui and C. vasquezi) and one from the Brazilian Shield (C. orientalis). In Peru, Chaetostoma is distributed in Marañon, Ucayali and Madre de Dios River basins. Chaetostoma is differentiate from other sister genera by having short cheek odontodes, edge snout unplatted. Recent molecular studies revealed potential new species of the genus in those different basins. Besides this diversity, identification is often confused with other genera of Loricariidae. Material examined belong to the Ichthyological Collection from Museo de Historia Natural, UNMSM, Peru. In our ongoing taxonomic revision of this group, recognize 14 species of Chaetostoma in Peru, the most important characters to distinguish between congeners was the color patterns, morphometric measurement, meristic variation on pectoral and lateral plates, and teeth shapes, based on those character. We also present an update of the geographical distribution and an identification key for all species distributed in Peru.
